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Yoga Sanghas

Sanskrit Dictionary

This glossary contains close to 900 common Sanskrit words that a person practicing yoga would come across. We have used diacritical marks in as many words as possible, to help the reader pronounce each word correctly. Please refer to the pronunciation guide below. A list of sources for this glossary is given at the end.

Alphabet	Pronounced as
A	Awe
Ī	Ee
Ū	Oo
Chh	Hard - midway between ch & sh - as in chaw
ḥ	Haw
Jñ	Gaw with g nasal
ā	Ah
E	Eh
Ch	In chosen

Alphabet	Pronounced as
ḍ	Rh (r hard)
ṁ&ṅ	Ong as in song
ṇ	Naw as in gnaw
ṛ	Rhi
T	Th (soft)
v	Wa
Ś orṣ	Sh as in shilling
ṭ	Taw (hard)
y	Yaw

Tā ḍā sana - Mountain posture

Tā ḍā sana samasthithi - Steady and firm mountain posture

Tā ḍā sana gomukhā sana - Mountain posture with hands held in the shape of a cow’s face.

Tā ḍā sana paṣchima baddha namaskā r - Mountain posture with bound arms.

Tā ḍā sana paṣchima namaskā r - Mountain posture with hands in prayer position.

Tā ḍā sana urdhva baddha hastā sana - Mountain posture with bound hands

Tā ḍā sana urdhva hastā sana - Mountain posture with arms stretched up Taijasa - The 'dreamer ego' in the dream state of consciousness, svapna.

Taittirḹya Upaniṣad - One of the principal upaniṣad.

Tamas - Darkness or ignorance, one of the three qualities or guṇas, of everything in nature. Tamasic - Having the quality of darkness or ignorance.

Tanmā tra - Element in its subtle or monadic form. The smallest particle of elemental knowables.

Tantra - A type of Sanská¹›t work containing tantric teachings; the tradition of tantrism, which focuses on the Åšakti side of spiritual life and which originated in the early post- Christian era and achieved its classical features around 1000 C.E.

Tanumā nasā - Disappearance of the mind.

Tapas - Devotional austerity.

Tapasyā - Devotional austerity.

Tā raka - Intuitive knowledge; discriminative knowledge.

Tattva - Principle. Any one of the twenty-five principles enumerated in the sÄ mkhya philosophy.

Tattva - traya - The three essential elements, namely, a) being (sat), b) non-being (asat), and c) the supreme being (á¸¹Åš vara).

Tat Tvam Asi - 'That art thou', the equating of the atman and every being in total identity with that, which is brahman

Tejas - Lustre, brilliance, majesty.

Tha - The second syllable of the word 'hatha'. The first syllable 'ha' stands for the sun, while the second syllable 'tha' stands for the moon. The union of these two is hatha-yoga.

Titikṣā - Forbearance or patience.

Trikā lā tita - That which transcends past, present and future (describing the Self).

Trikonā sana - Triangle posture.

Trimūrti - Hindu trinity of three deities, brahma, viṣṇu and Ś hiva, the Creator, the Preserver and the Destroyer, respectively

Tṛpti - Contentment

Trivipā ka - Capable of producing three fold consequence (viz. birth, span of life and experience of pleasure and pain)

TuladandÄsana - The balancing stick posture that increases the circulation, and strengthens the heart muscle.

Turḹya - Fourth

Turḹyā vasthā - The fourth state of the soul, combining yet transcending the other three states of waking, dreaming and sleeping – the state of samā dhi.

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